get ready for a quiz on this material next wednesday
BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS NEED TO MATCH THE DONOR BLOOD WITH RECIPIENT BLOOD SO THAT THE RECIPIENT WON'T MAKE ANTIBODIES AGAINST THE BLOOD DONATION
You have heard that blood type is important for blood transfusions. That is because the immune system will always attack foreign protein. Surface proteins on cells and microbes are called ANTIGENS. Your immune system will generate ANTIBODIES to fight antigens . Antigens cause foreign cells to agglutinate so they can be "eaten" by white blood cells (opsonization)
BESIDES A and B ANTIGENS, your blood cells can also have Rh Factor antigens
When blood is rejected, it undergoes "AGGLUTINATION", this is when blood clumps up into blood clots.
Anyone with NO RH factor will reject a donation from RH+ blood:
People with RH factor have Rh positive blood. Type A+ has A proteins and Rh proteins.
People who are:
type A+ can receive Type A-, A+ and O+ and O- blood
type B+ can receive type B-, B+ and O+ and O- blood
type AB+ can receive ALL TYPES OF BLOOD
type O+ can only receive O+ and O- blood
People who are:
Type A- can receive A-, O- blood
Type B- can receive B-, O- blood
Type AB- can receive A-,B-, O- blood
Type O- can only receive O- blood BUT YOU CAN DONATE O- TO ALL BLOOD TYPES
You can practice giving the right kind of blood on this website
HUMAN BLOOD GROUP GENETICS
The Alleles that make the human blood group antigens are codominant:
A is codominant to BA is dominant over O
B is dominant over O
Possible genotypes:
heterozygous AB blood gives both type A protein and type B protein on the erythrocytes.
homozygous AA gives blood type A protein on the erythrocytes
homozygous BB is blood type B protein on the erythrocytes
Heterozygous AO is gives blood type A
Heterozygous BO is blood type B
homozygous recessive OO gives blood type O .
There is neither A or B on erythrocytes.
Blood type is heritable and that means you can sometimes deduce genotype by looking at phenotype. Here is a sample question:
GENETICS OF RH FACTOR
Rh factor is the dominant trait. If you assign Rh=R then
Rh+. is RR or Rr
Rh - is rr
