codominance

What if the heterozygous trait exhibited codominance?  in this case, two alleles can code for co-dominant traits.  That is, neither is dominant over the other.  Blood type is an example of this:

A is codominant to B
A is dominant over O
B is dominant over O

Possible genotypes:

heterozygous AB blood gives both type A protein and type  B protein on the erythrocytes.

homozygous AA gives blood type A  protein on the erythrocytes
homozygous BB is blood type B protein on the erythrocytes

Heterozygous AO is gives blood type A
Heterozygous BO is blood type B

 

Sex linkage

 SEX LINKED GENES

In the following post, I will refer to "male" and "female".  This refers to people with male sex organs or people with female sex organs.  People with these organs can identify with a diverse range of gender such as:

Man, woman, nonbinary. This gender identify is not presumed by the presence of male or female sex organs

They might also identify as

LGBTQ2S++

The following descriptions are biological descriptions refer to 

male= male sex organs like testes, producing sperm

female= female sex organs like ovaries, producing eggs. 

The sex chromosomes are XX and XY in humans. Some alleles are located on the X chromosome. But very few on the Y chromosome.  Remember that people who are  females have the genotype XX and people who are males have XY.

The Y chromosome carries very little information, only enough to influence the embryo on the path towards male primary and secondary characteristics.

Meanwhile, many RECESSIVE ALLELES are located on the X chromosome, including
1. hemophilia, the inability to clot blood
2. colourblindness inability to tell the difference between red and green colour
3.  baldness

These characteristics are far more common in people with male sex organs  than people with female sex organs because  people with male organs have only one X. And if that X contains the recessive allele, they will show the phenotype.  Meanwhile,people with  female organs may have the recessive and their dominant genes on their other X will protect them.  For example

An example of using a punnet square to calculate probability is here:

Some things to note about sex linkage:  Signs of sex linked alleles are:
1. more genotypic males get the phenotype, but genotypic females can be carriers
2.  males can inherit from mother but not father (because males get their X from mom)
3.  genotypic females have an extra X and this protects them.  Females must be homozygous to show the sex linked phenotype.
Further reading on sex linkage here http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/pigeons/sexlinkage/

FYI if you were born a male and you want to know if you're colourblind:  Test yourself here: But careful, if you are a genetically male, you might find out you are colour blind!  Apparently most people find out they are colourblind from their science teacher !  
http://colorvisiontesting.com/home.html

Basic practice worksheet going over main concepts

Worksheet B

DNA lesson

 Watch my videos on DNA

Here is another video from youtube which explains these concepts in more detail.





Assignment - 15 points

SUMMARIZE THE MAIN POINTS OF DNA NOTES 10 points

A. Summarize the main points of the DNA notes AND the DNA slide show in a Cartoon Format and make a clear photo of this cartoon.  upload your assignment in Microsoft Teams.   Include the details about Watson and Crick and Franklin.

EVALUATION rubric
10 points:  You included all the main points in a colourful, creative format which is written in ink and coloured.  You used humour and creativity and your assignment stands out for showing an understanding of the key points

8-9 :  you include all the main points and you show excellence and creativity. your assignment is in colour and inked

5-7 :  you include most of the main points and your assignment is handed in. It is a good start and  You needed more time to finish this.

2-4:  you handed something in that was not quite complete, although it is a pretty good start

You may do Assignment 3 Aas a poem that rhymes if you don't want to draw.

3B.  take a picture of  your drawing of this worksheet filled out: You may redraw it or edit it in Paint.
5 points

Types of Compounds

  This is the  Chemistry practice sheet Here is the Chemistry practice sheet key.

October 19 Work: Balancing Equations Practice

 Your teacher will review balancing equations.  Watch the video below and try out the worksheet on balancing equations.  

You may try using our class lego to balance equations by assigning a lego piece to an atom. 

 You may also work on the chemistry practice sheets on nomenclature. 

Bohr Diagram and Lewis Diagram

    

You will practice drawing Bohr Diagrams and Lewis diagrams.   You should work through this Study guide on the same topic  and the Answer key   

Your teacher will make a list of your names from the attendance roster and give you 5 marks for completing this work

Nomenclature Practice

  Here are the nomenclature videos again

 

Assignment: Monatomic Atoms Worksheet 

 Nomenclature practice sheet. Do these practice sheets

Answer key is here

Chemistry Karate

 We play Chemistry Karate" today  where your chemistry skills will be respectfully assessed by myself and by peers and you will demonstrate your level of chemistry karate belt.  The goal is to move up one belt, not for everyone to be a black belt ! 

 

Patterns on the Periodic Table:

 The Periodic Table is a list of all the elements in the universe. Here are some patterns that you ought to know. Take notes on this lesson

ASSIGNMENT: 

on the Periodic Table provided, colour code the following:

METALS

NONMETALS

NOBLE GASES

ALKALI METALS

ALKALI EARTH METALS

TRANSITION METALS

label the ionic charges of the families. photograph your work SUBMIT TO TEAMS 

Atom Element Compound

  Practice questions:   What is an atom?

An analogy for Atoms, Compounds and Formula, drawn by SN This video is the first in the series for beginner Chemistry. In this video, I use the analogy of the atom as units very much like "lego bricks". This analogy was first used by researchers in MIT.

assignment : 

practice making a model of ATOM, ELEMENT, COMPOUND, MIXTURE  and label it. practice making lego formulae.  Take a picture of the lego formulae you did in class

We will learn the analogy of LEGO and  practice building lego compounds, and writing lego formulae.

Make as many combinations of compounds as you can with the boxes of lego provided

Take a picture of the work you did in class

Examples:

Work on Safety assignment

 Today and tomorrow you will work on our Science Safety Assignment

or, finish up your filter fan

Create a pamphlet for your box fan filter

 Using one page, Write the following facts on your pamphlet:

1.  Climate change causes wildfire smoke and PM 2.5 is very unhealthy

2. Hepa filters in classrooms reduce particulates by 48%

3. Hepa filters in classrooms reduce ABSENCES due to illness from flu, covid, RSV 

4.  Draw a picture to show how bad air enters your fan and clean air exits

References

Fraser Health information on use of Fan filters for wildfire smoke

https://www.fraserhealth.ca/health-topics-a-to-z/air-quality/wildfire-smoke

"901 Class-ACT: the UK’s trial on the feasibility and effectiveness of air cleaning technologies in schools"

Noakes CJ, Burridge HC, Beggs CB, et al

901 Class-ACT: the UK’s trial on the feasibility and effectiveness of air cleaning technologies in schools

Archives of Disease in Childhood 2023;108:A98.

Today we started work on our box fan filters

 Today we started work on our box fan filters and got to work optimizing the best diameter of the cardboard shroud.  We are building 19 hepa filters for our school

Learn about Wildfire Smoke

Group presentations. Please read the following resources within your group and during the presentation, EACH PERSON in the group must present.  This means they either:

1.  hold up a sign with the info

or

2.  read out the info for us.

Group 1 

This website tells us where the wildfires are burning in the prvoince  https://firesmoke.ca/forecasts/current/ 

tell us where the smoke is burning 

This website tells us the current Air Quality index in our province 

https://www.iqair.com/ca/canada/british-columbia/vancouver-bc

Group 2

These are Clean Air Crew instructions for CR box .  Tell us how to build a single filter model

https://cleanaircrew.org/box-fan-filters/

Group 3

CR boxes can reduce illness in classrooms by removing germs floating in the air . A news article summarizing  the scientific research 

https://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/this-diy-air-purifier-costs-far-less-than-a-hepa-purifier-and-studies-say-it-works-1.6098237

Group 4 

Fraser health summary of wildfire smoke health effects

https://www.fraserhealth.ca/health-topics-a-to-z/air-quality/wildfire-smoke

Welcome to Science Class

  Welcome to Science 10! 

This course is a lab course which will cover Chemistry, Physics, and Biology   It is expected that you will receive most of your course content on line and we will do labs and field study in class.  You will hand in ALL assignments as paper assignments or through Microsoft Teams.    I have set up my class so that the majority of the class notes shall be distributed on line from this blog.  

The majority of class time will be lab work (chemistry and physics experiments, microscope work) and also field study (walking to Trout Lake).  My windows shall be open ALL THE TIME to give us nice fresh air.  

ASSIGNMENT 1. HAND IN YOUR CONSENT FORM  /5

Please get the consent form signed and bring it back to class. It will give us the ability to walk to Trout Lake or Renfrew Ravine or go to a local field study at any time that I announce during the term.   Bring this consent form to class.   evaluation:  5 points for handing this in

As we go into your semester , I would like to prepare for learning during the respiratory season of flu, RSV and covid 19.   

SAFETY MEASURES:

 In class, our safety measures will include:

- good ventilation. I will be using a CO2 monitor to check the air quality in our class. If this number goes above 800ppm CO2 then there is a 1% rebreathed fraction meaning that 1 breath out of 100 is from someone else's lungs. Beyond this point I will ask for volunteers to wear a mask so that my class remains accessible to those who are medically vulnterable

- wear a mask! It is encouraged because you will be an ally for those who are medically vulnerable or those who live with people who are vulnerable. 

- no academic penalties for being home sick, for isolating or for a +ive diagnosis of covid-19 either in yourself or a household member. You only need to email me to tell me of your positive test, and I will excuse you from homework.

- windows shall be open in my class to admit adequate ventilation.  Further we will conduct class outside wherever possible as outside is safer than inside at this time.  Dress for the weather and be prepared to be outdoors rain or shine. 

Science Safety

  MAKE A POSTER SHOWING   SUMMARY OF ALL THE RULES

and have a look at this standard science safety quiz

1. 

                         WHMIS -  WORKPLACE HAZARDOUS 
                         MATERIALS INFORMATION
                         SYSTEM 

      THESE symbols are on the MSDS sheet for
       all chemicals    Materials safety Data Sheet. 

THESE ARE MY SCIENCE SAFETY RULES:

1. Follow teacher instructions

a.     If you wish to change instructions, check with teacher

b.     If you break anything or get hurt, report it REPORT ACCIDENTS

2.     .No horseplay, fooling around

3.     Keep yourself safe

a.     Hair tied back, no loose clothing, shoes are closed

b.     If chemicals get on skin, use water

c.     Use eyewash if anything gets in eyes

d.     Wear goggles if needed

e.  If you wear contacts, inform the teacher

4.       Keep your area safe

a.     your work area is neat and organized

b.     you have your lab instructions

c.     aware of fire safety and chemical safety

5.     Keep the classroom safe

a.     Carry materials in a safe way

b.     Aware of fire safety procedure

c.     Don’t remove any experiments from the classroom

d.     Don’t do experiments without first checking with teacher.

6.       Hot and cold and chemical safety

a.     never assume the temperature of something.  Take precautions

b.     hot beaker and cold beaker look identical

c.     always point a test tube away from everyone

d.     when smelling a chemical, waft.

You will create safety rules by reading and summarizing the safety procedures in your poster

The rules can be under the following categories:
HIGHEST PRIORITIES:
THESE RULES CAN BE SUMMED UP LIKE THIS
      Talk to the instructor                     

KEEP ORGANIZED AND SAFE
Keep the classroom safe
Keeping your work area safe
Keep safe with your colleagues
Keep yourself safe
KNOW THE SYMBOLS
Know the correct symbols, WHIMIS symbols


COMMUNICATE AND REACT TO AN EMERGENCY
     be familiar with emergency procedures for fire, toxins, spills, and evacuation  


SAFETY ASSIGNMENT: . Make a poster of the safety rules 

Make a safety poster which is 

Exceptionally creative and it stands out  It includes all the WHMIS symbols and all the science SAFETY rules listed above . It is done in colour and ink  22-25/25

Your poster is very creative and artistic and includes all the WHMIS symbols and all the science rules . It is done in pencil  18-21 

all the WHMIS symbols and all the science rules . It is mostly done and needs a bit extra work 10-15

This is a good start and seems like a great draft. It needs more time to complete it. 0-10

Measurement activity

 

GROUP ACTIVITY

Find the length, width and height of our science classroom. 

Write your numbers on the data table in front of the classroom 

Write a data table on the measurements. 

INDIVIDUAL WORK

Safety scavenger hunt: Find the following materials and put it on a map

1. draw a map of the class

2. label the following

a. fire safety

b. eye wash

c. goggles

d. 1st aid kit

e. spill kit

f. glass bucket

g.  corsi-rosenthal box

h. CO2 monitor

i. Particle counter for PM 2.5 wildfire smoke 

f.  Find the mass of a classroom chair  

Electromagnetic spectrum

 Today we learned about the electromagnetic spectrum.  Within your group, find the following & take a picture with a sign labeling what you found. Put this together in a power point and hand it in through TEAMS.  YOUR PIC MUST HAVE THE SIGN IN IT!!

Second block  

1.  a radioactive food

2.   Something that makes  a wave slower than infrared wave and which can transmit images and sound

3.   Someone who has had radiation on purpose & the radiation has a faster wavelength than UV

4.   Someone with something that *filters* UV light 

5.  Something that makes waves that are slower than infrared, faster  than radio waves 

6.  Americium 

Half life

 Watch the  two videos below and take notes on them.  Please do the following worksheets if you can locate them. 

The section 7.1 worksheet is at the back of the class If you can find it, then work on it.    one answer key is here and the other  Answer key  is here.

Red Wine or White Wine

  I invited you to a fancy French restaurant and served you "red wine or white wine"...

Do an experiment with some unknown chemicals.  Write up your experiment in a lab report. Use your knowledge from the Acids and Bases notes to deduce what happened during our little magic trick.  Write up your experiment. 

You will include data from  spot plate labs

Radiation worksheets

radiation worksheet answers are here. worksheet answers

The second worksheet here  answer key

Types of Reactions Notes

 TEACHING NOTES:

First lets review the main types of reactions: 

notes on types of reactions

Study Guide  and answer key below

 answer key to your chapter 6 worksheet

Chemical reactions may be categorized as follows : 

1.     Synthesis

2.     Decomposition

3.     Single replacement

4.     Double replacement

5.     Combustion

       Cellular Respiration

6.     Oxidation of metals

A Synthesis reaction:

element     +   element    -->    compound

Decomposition reaction:

Compound    -->   element     +     element

Or

Compound --> smaller compound    +   element

DOUBLE REPLACEMENT


single replacement

IN ADDITION TO THE FOUR TYPES ABOVE, THERE ARE ALSO THREE MORE KINDS of reaction TO KNOW: 

Combustion:  combustion may happen to any *organic compound* meaning any compound made of carbon, hydrogen and/or oxygen...

Carbon based compound+ oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water

+ heat and light energy

Cell respiration looks like combustion,

BUT IT IS NOT. YOUR CELLS ARE NOT COMBUSTING.  The carbon based compound in this case is glucose, a simple sugar.

Glucose +   oxygen -->  carbon dioxide + water + energy for cell

Oxidation reaction

Metal +  oxygen   -->   metal oxide

ACID BASE REACTIONS ARE ALL NEUTRALIZATION REACTIONS

In summary....

Bohr Diagram and Lewis Diagram

   

You will practice drawing Bohr Diagrams and Lewis diagrams.   You should work through this Study guide on the same topic  and the Answer key   

Your teacher will make a list of your names from the attendance roster and give you 5 marks for completing this work

Chemistry Practice Sheet: Types of Chemical Compounds

  This is the  Chemistry practice sheet Here is the Chemistry practice sheet key.

 1. Watch these two videos and create a one page poster summarizing the main ideas . 

 2. Your teacher will give you a chemistry worksheet.  Work on the first page 

An analogy for Atoms, Compounds and Formula, drawn by SN This video is the first in the series for beginner Chemistry. In this video, I use the analogy of the atom as units very much like "lego bricks". This analogy was first used by researchers in MIT.

Acceleration answer key

this is the answer key. 

Review activity: make some summary posters on kinematics today . If you finish then work on acceleration worksheet

 Make a one page summary poster of the following  5 points each. 

5 points: summarize the following links:

Read this text summarizing what we are learning now
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Distance-and-Displacement

Speed vs Velocity
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Speed-and-Velocity

finally, the meaning of the shape of the position time graph
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-3/The-Meaning-of-Shape-for-a-p-t-Graph

5 points each for the videos below: 

Watch this intro video on Kinematics 

 Now watch an example of the calculations for velocity 

Evaluation: /15

15/15.  your summary brilliantly done and is typed with illustrations or written in ink on a piece of paper. It shows a really thorough understanding of these concepts 

12-14. your summary is typed with illustrations or written in ink on a piece of paper. It shows a really thorough understanding of these concepts. Everything is complete

8-11. your summary is is typed with illustrations or written in pencil on a piece of paper. It shows an understanding of these concepts. Some items are not complete

0-7. You handed in a draft which is a great start, but you need to complete this

Measuring velocity

 Today we walked outside to measure the velocity of skytrain.  We found that a small segment of the fence was 1.52m .  Take a video of skytrain and, using screenshots, label the di and the df .  Determine the displacement and the elapsed time.   

1.  Draw a picture or cartoon which describes the motion of the train.  Label the fence, the train and the 1.52 section of the fence.

2.  Write down your data including the di, the df, the displacement and the time

3.  Calculate the velocity and show your work. 

Evaluation: /20

18-20. Your data is organized in screenshots and drawings on a word document or jpeg format. Your cartoon describes the motion.  Your work is organized and calculations are correct.  Your work is exceptional in communicating your data

14-17. Your data is organized in screenshots and drawings on a word document or jpeg format. Your cartoon describes the motion.  Your work is organized and calculations are correct.  Very well done

10-13. Your data is really good and you make a good start on the assignment.  It needs a little more drawing or picture documentation of the data that you are presenting

0-10. This is a good start but it is not complete 

An introduction to MOTION

  we learned about the definition of the following words.  There is also a worksheet for 

which this is the answer key.   Go over your answers using this answer key.  You will be given credit for completing this worksheet 

Your vocab words are:

scalar

vector

motion

distance

displacement

SAFETY

 MAKE A POSTER SHOWING   SUMMARY OF ALL THE RULES

1. 

                         WHMIS -  WORKPLACE HAZARDOUS 
                         MATERIALS INFORMATION
                         SYSTEM 

      THESE symbols are on the MSDS sheet for
       all chemicals    Materials safety Data Sheet. 

1. Follow teacher instructions

a.     If you wish to change instructions, check with teacher

b.     If you break anything or get hurt, report it REPORT ACCIDENTS

2.     No horseplay, fooling around

3.     Keep yourself safe

a.     Hair tied back, no loose clothing, shoes are closed

b.     If chemicals get on skin, use water

c.     Use eyewash if anything gets in eyes

d.     Wear goggles if needed

e.  If you wear contacts, inform the teacher

4.      Keep your area safe

a.     your work area is neat and organized

b.     you have your lab instructions

c.     aware of fire safety and chemical safety

5.     Keep the classroom safe

a.     Carry materials in a safe way

b.     Aware of fire safety procedure

c.     Don’t remove any experiments from the classroom

d.     Don’t do experiments without first checking with teacher.

6.      Hot and cold and chemical safety

a.     never assume the temperature of something.  Take precautions

b.     hot beaker and cold beaker look identical

c.     always point a test tube away from everyone

d.     when smelling a chemical, waft.

You will create safety rules by reading and summarizing the safety procedures in your poster

The rules can be under the following categories:
HIGHEST PRIORITIES:
THESE RULES CAN BE SUMMED UP LIKE THIS
      Talk to the instructor                     

KEEP ORGANIZED AND SAFE
Keep the classroom safe
Keeping your work area safe
Keep safe with your colleagues
Keep yourself safe
KNOW THE SYMBOLS
Know the correct symbols, WHIMIS symbols


COMMUNICATE AND REACT TO AN EMERGENCY
     be familiar with emergency procedures for fire, toxins, spills, and evacuation  

SAFETY ASSIGNMENT: . Make a poster of the safety rules 
Draw a comic showing all the safety rules on one side of the page. 

  Further include the WHMIS SYMBOLS

Sex Linkage

 SEX LINKED GENES

The sex chromosomes are XX and XY in humans. Some alleles are located on the X chromosome. But very few on the Y chromosome.  Remember that people who are  females have the genotype XX and people who are males have XY.

The Y chromosome carries very little information, only enough to influence the embryo on the path towards male primary and secondary characteristics.

Meanwhile, many RECESSIVE ALLELES are located on the X chromosome, including
1. hemophilia, the inability to clot blood
2. colourblindness inability to tell the difference between red and green colour
3.  baldness

These characteristics are far more common in malea than females because males have only one X. And if that X contains the recessive allele, they will show the phenotype.  Meanwhile, females may have the recessive and their dominant genes on their other X will protect them.  For example

An example of using a punnet square to calculate probability is here:

Some things to note about sex linkage:  Signs of sex linked alleles are:
1. more males get the phenotype, but females can be carriers
2.  males can inherit from mother but not father (because males get their X from mom)
3.  females have an extra X and this protects them.  Females must be homozygous to show the sex linked phenotype.
Further reading on sex linkage here http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/pigeons/sexlinkage/

FYI if you were born a male and you want to know if you're colourblind:  Test yourself here: But careful, if you are a genetically male, you might find out you are colour blind!  Apparently most people find out they are colourblind from their science teacher !  

https://colormax.org/color-blind-test/

Basic practice worksheet going over main concepts

Worksheet B