acids bases and salts

ACIDS BASES AND SALTS

ACID     +     BASE    -->     SALT    +    HOH

H-anion  +  cation-OH -->  cation-anion  + HOH

Neutralization  

Acids   release   H+ ions    in solution with water

Bases   release   OH- ions  in solution with water

The word “acidity” refers to the concentration of

Hydrogen ions    H+  in solution.  If there are more H+

Ions, then the solution is more acidic! 

The word “basic” refers to the concentration of

Hydroxide ions   or OH-  in solution. If there are more

OH- ions, the solution is more basic!

Acids absorb hydroxides to neutralize a base

Bases absorb hydrogens to neutralize an acid.

pH SCALE

A pH scale is a way of measuring the

Concentration of hydrogen ions in solution.

The scale goes from 1 to 14  

    1    2   3   4   5   6   7  8  9   10  11 12   13   14

very                        neutral                             very

acidic                                                               basic

Acids have a pH of less than 7

Bases  have a pH of more than 7

pH 7   is   H+ =  OH-

every stage on the pH scale is a 10fold increase

 so  pH 7 has 10²  more Hydrogens than pH 9.

Pure water is   pH 7

Milk is   pH 6

Lemons are  pH2 or 3

Bleach is pH   12

Baking soda is  pH 9

pH indicators

Some things change colour in the presence

Of an acid or a base

For example

Cabbage juice will turn pink for acid, blue for base

Litmus paper will turn pink for acid, blue for base

Phenolphthalein will turn pink for base and clear for

Acid

Bromothymol blue will turn blue for base and

yellow for acid

Universal indicator will turn many different colours

Red Wine or White Wine

We did a demo called"  red wine or white wine"  and did a lab where we looked at three unknown liquids.

Write a lab report due next period. It must include the following headings:

Hypothesis
Purpose
Procedure
Results
My hypothesis was proven right or wrong because....
Conclusion

EVALUATION   IS OUT OF 25 IN TOTAL, NO MORE THAN 3 PEOPLE WRITING A COMMON REPORT

5
presentation is out of 5.  for 5/5 it is typed  with illustrations or photos and emailed to msngscience@gmail.com.     for 4/5 it is pretty good but there are a few spelling mistakes.  for 0-3 out of 5 it is in pencil or messy

10
Clear writing is out of 10.  for 9/10 or 10/10, it is written with no English mistakes and it clearly communicates each part of the lab report.    7-8/10  it is very well written     for 5-6/10 some parts are not so clear and the reader must guess what you are trying to say.  0-4/10, it is minimally communicating what happened

10
Paragraphs are insightful and your observations are well done. this is out of 10.
             9-10/10,   your observations and conclusions are well written and logical.  It is brilliant
              7-8/10   your observations and conclusions are very well done
               5-6   your conclusions don't really logically follow from your results
                0-4   your conclusions are not relating to your results at all
     
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
write all names and who contributed what including the % of their contribution. so two people who contributed equally would be50%

EMAIL IT to  msngscience@gmail.com

Naming acids

Today we reviewed naming acids and I asked you to write 5 "...ide" acids and 5   "...ite " acids and also 5    "...ate" acids. also you did an exercise in naming acids last block

Science World Teens Night!!!! you must rremember to register beforehand

Sign up here:

https://www.scienceworld.ca/sweet-science-world-extravagant-evenings-teens

Drawing Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds

Today, we practiced drawing lewis structures of ionic compound  Try these problems and see the answer key

Next day we will try drawing lewis structure of covalent compound. Here are the practice problems for those